Chapter 1&2

study of transformation of matter

law of nature

means of acquiring knowledge scientifically

scientific principle to explain phenomena

multiplier converting into equivalent units

how full an area is

checking dimensions of equation's terms

physical quantity; symbol m

size of something measured

short way to express large numbers

system of measurements

a standard measurement, for example: an inch, degree, calorie, volt, or hour, whose multiples are used in determining quantity

space inside an object
Symbol V

From your point of view at this time, how would you define chemistry?

How does a law differ from a theory?

What are the three operations involved in applying the scientific method?

What is the difference between a hypothesis and a theory?

Given that 1 mi = 1760 yd, determine what conversion factor is appropriate to convert 1894 yd to miles; to convert 2.781 mi to yards.

A cube of metal weighs 1.45 kg and displaces 542 mL of water when immersed. Calculate the density of the metal.

Boston and New York city are 190 miles apart. What is this distance in feet?

A sample of a liquid solvent has a density 0.915 g/mL. What is the mass of 85.5 mL of the liquid?

No matter how careful an experimenter may be, a measurement always has some degree of ________.

Express each of the following numbers in scientific notation.
a. 12,500
b. 0.0202

Indicate the meaning (as a power of 10) for each of the following metric prefixes.
a. centi
b. milli

Indicate the number of significant figures in each of the following:
a. 1422
b. 0.07759

The fundamental unit of length or distance in the metric system is __________.

A kilogram of lead occupies a much smaller volume than a kilogram of water, because __________ has a much higher density.

The science that deals with the materials of the universe and the changes that these materials undergo.

A statement that expresses generally observed behavior.

A process of studying natural phenomena that involves making observations, forming laws and theories, and testing theories by experimentation.

A set of assumptions put forth to explain some aspect of the observed behavior of matter.

A ratio factor of two parts that relates one unit to the other. Example: 1 in./2.54 cm or 2.54 cm/1 in. because Example: 1 inch = 2.54 centimeters

A property of matter representing the mass per unit volume. Units are usually g/ml (grams per milliliter) or g/cm3 (grams per centimeter cube)

The method of changing one unit to another via conversion factors.

The quantity of matter present in an object. Unit is usually g (gram).

A quantitative observation.

Expresses a number in the form N X10^M; a convenient method for representing a very large or very small number and for easily indicating the number of significant figures. Example: 1.0 x 10³ for 1000

International System of units based on the metric system and on units derived from the metric system

The certain digits (numbers of a measurement known for sure) and the first uncertain digit (the next estimated digit) of a measurement.

Part of a measurement that tells us what scale or standard is being used to represent the results of the measurement. Example: grams (g), centimeters (cm), milliliters (ml)

The amount of three-dimensional space occupied by a substance. Units are usually ml or cm³.