Boring is a machine operation in which the work is in contact with a single point tool.
A work piece may be held in a 3, 4, or 6 jaw chuck and collets.
Broaching can be done on both internal and external surfaces.
The teeth of a broaching tool are equally spaced so that as the tool advances into the workpiece, each tooth removes a specified amount of metal.
Drilling allows a person to make holes through boards, metals, and other materials.
A machine designed to hold drill bits which will produce cylindrical holes.
Used for producing cylindrical holes, as well as reaming, boring, counter-boring, counter-sinking, honing, lapping and tapping.
There are three major types:
- Sensitive drill
(light drilling)
- Upright drill (heavy duty drilling)
- Radial arm drill press (large, heavy workpieces)
Facing is a lathe operation in which the cutting tool removes metal from the end of the workpiece or a shoulder.
Facing is a machine operation where the work is rotated against a single point tool.
The gang drilling machine is a series of single spindle drill heads mounted on a long table.
Each head is equipped with a different tool to drill the part being machined as it moves from one station to the next.
Grinding processes remove very small chips in very large numbers by cutting the action of many small individual abrasive grains.
The abrasive grains are formed into a grinding wheel.
Very smooth surfaces can be accomplished by the use of the proper grinding wheel.
Grinding machines can produce parts of the identical size, shape, and finish quality.
Various types of grinding machines:
-
Plain Surface grinders
- Rotary Surface grinders
- Tool & Cutter grinders
- Universal grinders
- Internal grinders
Gun drilling machine is a machine used to produce long, deep holes.
The operation is called "Gun drilling".
In some drilling machines, the gun drill is held firm in a machine and the workpiece revolves; in other cases the work is stationary and the tool revolves.
Uses three types of spindles for producing deep holes:
- way
- quill
- fixed-spindle
Honing is an internal cutting technique that uses abrasives on a rotating tool to produce extremely accurate holes that require a very smooth finish.
Honing operation
Similar to lapping where abrasive sticks are mounted in a rotating tool.
Capable of accuracies of less than 1/10,000th of one inch.machine
A horizontal milling machine uses a rotating tool to produce flat surfaces.
Used for heavy stock removal.
The milling machine provides cutting action with a rotating tool.
The spindle is mounted on a horizontal position. Available in different size tables.
The lathe is primarily used for cylindrical work.
The lathe may be used for:
boring, drilling, tapping, turning, facing, threading, polishing, grooving, knurling, trepanning
Non-precision grinding is done when accuracy is not important.
Precision grinding as often used as a finish machining process.
Precision grinding allows very small amounts of material to be removed from a workpiece. This is extremely useful in acquiring smooth fnishes.
The reamer is the tool used for this operation.
Machinists may use hand or machine reamers depending on the job they are performing.
The shaper cuts by passing a single point tool by the workpiece.
There are three types of shapers:
- Horizontal / plain or universal
- Vertical (slotter and key seater)
- Special
Shaping
Single point threading
Uses a special cutting tool that reflects the thread form.
There are over 100 thread forms.
The sensitive drill press
- it is used for light duty work
- extremely precise quill and spindle
- capable of speeds of over 40,000rpm
- maximum drill size of 1/32 of an inch
Tapping is done with a tool called a "Tap".
Tapping may be done by:
- hand
- lathe machine
- milling machine
- tapping machine
A single point tool is used for turning.
The milling machine provides cutting action with a rotating tool.
The spindle is mounted on a vertical position. Available in different size tables.